On the question of understanding life as suffering (for example, the poem Shakarima Kudayberdyuly "If I met Moses")

 
One of the ways to overcome the spiritual crisis of identity in contemporary culture can be thoughtful, axiologically directed the teaching of literature in schools and universities. In national and world literature stored fount of life wisdom, lays the foundation of the valuable dialogue with itself and through itself - with the personality of the author. In that, emotionally filled dialogue, brighter than in the rational analysis, takes a dive in the main space of life values. Per se, scale embodied in the product ideas and their depth, pereizhvaniya force and become indirect measures of the magnitude and significance of the creator.

Getting acquainted with the works of Kazakh poet start 20 ever Shakarima Kudaйberdыulы, can be found in the names of world-famous personalities. Among them are religious prophets, authors of various teachings of the East and West. Например, in stihotvorenii, beginning with the words "If I had met Moses", referring to the various prophecies, Shakarim says the distortion of many ancient teachings.

Reading string "holding the hand of Buddha, с ним не буду расставаться», мы замечаем, как учение Будды вошло в сердце Шакарима. Здесь речь идет не о распространении буддизма на земле как религии (на это у Шакарима взгляд иной), but rather about the personality and views of the Buddha. Dlya Shakarima representatives vostochnoy and zapadnoy civilizations did chuzhie. For him, the most expensive harmony chelovechskih shower. Generality of these vzgyady manifested on many issues. One of them concerns the problem of "life-suffering".

In the East, to the understanding of life as suffering first came Buddha, and it has become a central issue of disclosure of human existence.

Suffering - the basic human feeling, and the reason for his lack of opportunities is wish fulfillment. In the teachings of the Dharma "life - dukkha (staradanie)», hence, the purpose of life is to overcome dukkha.

At the beginning 20 century the main cause of the suffering of the Kazakhs were unstable political events. This led to the tragic death of Kazakh poet and thinker. But do not grieve for his life the poet. In those difficult times, being out of time, He compared life with clouds and winds before, as the sun rises. In stihotvorenii, beginning with the words "Zdravstujte, only brother Abdygany!», he writes about his life so:

I think this life is a paradise,
There is no suffering,
as in your hell.
Anyone I hold no grudge [1, 220].

(Word translation A.B. Seysekenovoy)

In his work "On Life, the soul "Shakarim enters into debate about the philosophy of life as the German thinker staradaniya Schopenhauer: "A man named Schopenhauer in his New Philosophy writes, that "Life - it's hell, there is no joy ". And the whole of Europe in support of Schopenhauer. But we are not surprised at his new philosophy, because life - not hell, and - heaven. Природных богатств хватит всем людям на земле. Весь этот земной рай человек сам превратил в ад. Не зная об этом, Шопенгауэр всю мировую волю назывет злом. If people perceive each other as relatives and enjoy the gifts of nature together, then the whole world would become a paradise " [2].

If Schopenhauer, perceiving the Buddha's teachings about getting rid of man "from unnecessary desire" as the only truth, considered evil material world, then Shakarim Buddha's teachings on the world understood differently. Because in fact the concept of "dukkha" Buddha's teachings also meant a proper understanding of life in terms of the manifest. Even if life is suffering, it meant, it is necessary to find a way out, find their way. Speaking of "dukkha", Indian philosophy researcher M. Thompson pishet: "However, this does not mean, that happiness is elusive category " [3, 86]. Buddha preached the person does not go for the "false desire", Shakarim and called for the same - to distinguish the true from the false, spoke of improper care of the true joys of life.

Schopenhauer against the idea of ​​the destruction of the lives of ill will and played Leo Tolstoy. In his "Confessions," he, as Buddha, when a sick old man, after long reflection on the meaning of life is death. Л. Tolstoy opposed to the idea of ​​"killing themselves because of the meaninglessness of life" and Schopenhauer writes: "Well, I am one with Schopenhauer as smart, that to understand the senselessness and evil of life? Discourse on the vanity of life is not so tricky, and make it a long time and all the common people, and have lived. Well, -they all live and never think to doubt the wisdom of life? My knowledge of, podverzhdennoe wisdom of sages, opened my, that everything in the world - organic and inorganic - all extremely cleverly arranged, my only one position silly " [4, 37].

Shakarim as a thinker deeply researched the origin of suffering. He eventually came to the conclusion, suffering that first appeared in humans in the head on the basis of false representation of life, a biosphere, represented the corporeal world, is a mysterious beauty, where there is no evil, and it all depends on one's attitude to the world.

Nәpsi közin bailaғan adamzattan
Ayuan artyқ biledi өmir zhayyn [1, 263].
In humans, eye blinders own ego,
And nature is wise and knows better life [1, 263].

In "Three truth" Sakar you write: "People, although they are not so far removed from the animals in their instincts, show the depth and fullness of mind they can only. But people nonetheless - not the highest Creator, which is the nature " [5, 29]. Shakarim here meant - how a person may be conscious, he can not create nature.

Е. Blavatsky in the book "On the origin of evil," writes about the denial of life: "Buddhist philosophy known, that the length of life of each person alternation (unless he reaches nirvana "intentionally" or, as Kabbalists, if he did not "take the kingdom of God by force") allegorically represented in the form of stories about forty-nine days, Gautam Buddha spent under the Bo tree. A Hindu sage knows, в свою очередь, that he must first ignite and extinguish the fire forty-ninth, before it reaches the final release. Knowing all this, sage and philosopher waiting patiently natural hours of his release; while their ill-fated wannabe - European pessimist - always ready to commit suicide, with such confidence that promotes. Unaware, hydra that existence has countless goals, he can not relate to life with the same philosophical contempt, which refers to the death, and therefore is not able to follow the wise example of their Eastern brothers " [6].

Attainment of nirvana by Hindus as liberation from false vision of the world is not the negation of life and analyzed as a victory of the soul over the false desires and stop the wheel of samsara. In the same book E. Blavatsky writes: "The Buddha himself is for each of us an example of exceptional willpower, but it was the will to live, and not to abandon it. According to his teaching, Evil will always exist, but it does not exist in matter itself, which is eternal, but only in that it creates illusions: in variability and transformations of matter born life, but these changes are conditional, and this life is ephemeral. At the same time the evil is not only inevitable, but necessary. For if we can distinguish good from evil, and the light from the darkness and appreciate first, avoiding second, it is only thanks to the existence of contrasts between them " [6].

Shakarim, exploring the history of different religions, says, what distortion undergone words of the ancient poets rishov. We see them as a result of the emergence of different sects.

Buddanyң ұstap bilegin,
Airylmai birgye jüryemin.
Жәдiгөй, baқsy, lamaғa
Šokˌyndy eliң bilemin [7, 112].

The initial two lines are translated as: "Derzhas hand Buddha, с ним не буду расставаться». And in the last two rows of the distortion of said Buddha's teachings. Shakarim refers to the Buddha himself in these words: "Your doctrine contorted, Now your people worship idols " [7, 112].

We, конечно, do not intend to make Buddhist Shakarima. He was not included in any mystical award, was not a religious minister. Rather, I can mention a distinctive feature of these people, their spiritual qualities, not be divided into "I" and "thou". This is the essence of the teachings of Shakarima conscience as the creator. These people always feel a connection between the vertical through the Ages.

М. Bakhtin in his concept of dialogism, considering any text as an open structure, its intertextual ability explains in simple terms the following: "Two strangers mapped statements, not knowing anything about each other, unless they relate to at least one corner of the same theme (thoughts), inevitably come to each other in a dialogic relationship. They touch each other on the territory of a common theme, common thought " [8, 293].

In Buddhism, the mind is "Maya" - Illusion. This explains the total mass insanity, generated "maya". The same collective frenzy masses reflected in the poem Abay "Masgut". When "Masgut" people began to drink "bad" rainwater, then they began to go mad. And these fools, naborot, accused Masguts and Caliph sumasshedshimi.

Modern Zen Buddhists, rather Eckhart Tolle in his book "A New Earth" writes: "The greatest achievement of mankind - is not he created works of art, Science and Technology, and the ability to detect and identify violations and madness in itself " [9,7].

"Maya" also means veil. Through this veil of man does not see the real reality. Generates dukkha nothing more than the human mind. After dukkha - this suffering, dissatisfaction with life. The concept of "Maya" in the Product of Shakarima obnaruzhivetsya as "mind chelevechesky, veiled insatiable ego or nafs ". In the works of the mind gives rise to suffering Shakarima:

"Not a soul rules, and the body,
so the mind began to suffer " [1, 156].
(interlinear translation. AB. Seysekenova)

Modern man's mind ranks as the most pernicious passions drugs, drug addicts and alcoholics and considers low breed of humanity. But then, Shakarim says in the poem "The passion and love", alcoholism and greed, materialism and drugs - to the same degree of passion [1, 62].

"Therefore, the mind can not give proper care,
and a man brutally eats another person " [1, 56].

In the words of Buddhists, mind, submitting a "false" I ", instead, to give a person the right idea, adds a lot of negative thoughts, that harm him. Human selfishness creates a "false self". Mind always compares himself with others, mind resents, mind suffers, mind envies, mind hates. In Buddhism, the mind and consciousness - different concepts. Consciousness means "Buddha Consciousness". Consciousness is no due, Ono priori purity. The central problem of the poet and philosopher Shakarima is also unlike the mind and "pure mind". Abaya And it means "bright mind":

If the mind is not bright,
Living the life of an animal [10, 227].

Итак, "Pure mind" can only be a pure soul, and the mind, generated by the ego, lives delusion. Сознание, or pure mind, aspires to world unity, mind tends to be split. Mind, generated by the ego, wants, the whole world was "my". Abaй pishet:

Все, what do you think "my" - "His" (Creator). [10, 212].

In an interview with the modern Indian philosopher Sri Bhavaganom, Chiara Uindrayder, speaking about the mind, allocates it an interesting idea: "Bhagavan teaches, that there is nothing that, what is called "personal mind". Да, We have individual thoughts, but they are just emanations of, Bhagavan defines as Ancient Mind, myslesferu collective humanity, which has existed since the beginning of the current civilization. All our fears, failure, anxiety and pain; all our lust, vicious habits, insecurity and greed; all our hatred, anger, jealousy, belong to this condemnation myslesfere. Кроме того, many of our impulses to do good, beauty, Pursuit of Happiness, to the courageous actions, are also in this myslesfere. Our mind can be represented as a receiving station, capture the frequency depending on the state of our mind or health, experiences and different astrological factors. Our individual experiences or experiences also make adjustments to the type of frequency, we choose " [11].

Аллегорическим перевоплощением Древнего Ума можно назвать Мефистофеля Гете. Можно ли все умом решать? Есть и много закономерностей появления барокко, сентиментализма, романтизма и, конечно, модернистских течений. Весь вопрос состоит в направлении мыслей всего человечества. Служит ли человек человеку или он служит богатству, славе и креслу? Для чего дана жизнь человеку?

And this is again - personal development issues. То, that the student or the student does not always express in an open conversation with the teacher, he could not help in the process of self-dialogue to discuss - internal reflections, if any, will be generated by his emotional response to who met him at the moment artistic text. Formation of personality - a complex process, not amenable to direct regulation. It becomes a significant role artistic creativity, having the ability to awaken in the soul inner creative powers, guide him along the path of ascent.

References

1. Kudayberdyuly W. Artworks. Poetry, Poems, prose. - Almaty, 1988, 560 с.

2. Abay / / 1994, №9. С 30.

3. M Thompson. Eastern philosophy. – Москва, 2000. 384 с.

4. Toast LN. Избранное. - Rostov-on-Don, 1998 . 544c.

5. Kudayberdyuly W. Three truths. - Almaty, 1991, 80с.

6. Well Blavatskaya. On the origin of evil. /http://www.theosophy.ru/lib/hpb-zlo.htm/

7. Kudayberdyuly W. Zholsyz zhaza, Өleңder changed poemalar. Almaty, 1988, 256 б.

8. Bakhtin M. Aesthetics of verbal creativity. – Москва, 1979, 424 с.

9. E Tolle. New Land. Emergence of a new consciousness. – 293 с. http://www.tolle.ru/new_earth_index.

10. Abay (Ibraһim Kunanbaev). - Almaty, 1986, Т. 1, 304 с.

11. By Windrider. Dinner with Bhagavanom. http://www.svet-ural.com/bhagavan.php].